Neurophysiology
- Neurophysiology is the study of the functioning and activities of the nervous system.
- It focuses on understanding how nerve cells (neurons) communicate with each other and how the brain and spinal cord process and transmit information.
- The nervous system is composed of two main types of cells: neurons and glial cells. Neurons are responsible for transmitting electrical signals, while glial cells provide support and protection to neurons.
- Neurons communicate through electrical impulses called action potentials. These impulses travel along the neuron's axon, which is covered by a myelin sheath that speeds up the transmission.
- Synapses are the junctions between neurons where chemical signals, known as neurotransmitters, are released to transmit information from one neuron to another.
- Neurotransmitters can have either excitatory or inhibitory effects on the receiving neuron, influencing whether it will generate an action potential or not.
- The brain and spinal cord form the central nervous system, while the nerves that extend throughout the body make up the peripheral nervous system.
- The central nervous system controls and coordinates all bodily functions, while the peripheral nervous system carries information to and from the central nervous system.
- Different regions of the brain are responsible for specific functions. For example, the frontal lobe is involved in decision-making and problem-solving, while the occipital lobe processes visual information.
- Neurophysiology also explores the mechanisms underlying various neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis.
- Techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and single-unit recording are used to study brain activity and understand neurophysiological processes.
- Understanding neurophysiology is crucial for advancing knowledge in fields like neuroscience, psychology, and medicine. It helps researchers and healthcare professionals develop treatments for neurological disorders and improve overall brain health.
