Human Evolution

Human Evolution


Humans are evolved by gradual evolution
Human originated in east Africa
Human evolution started 15 mya

CHANGES OCCURRED IN HUMAN EVOLUTION
➖ Left the arboreal life
➖ Development of erect posture
➖ Bipedal locomotion
➖ Increase in the size of brain
➖ Development of intelligence
➖ Use of for limbs for on locomotory function

STAGES IN ORIGIN OF MAN
1. Apes
2. Ape man
3. Primitive man
4. Modern man


1. APES

➖ 15 mya, primates called dryopithecus and ramapithecus were existing

 DRYOPITHECUS
➖ Fossils of dryopithecus discovered by LSB Leaky in 1930
➖ Dryopithecus is considered as ancestors of modern day apes
➖ They had semi erect posture, thick hair, larger and sharper teeth and vegetarian
➖ They were forest dwellers and spent most of time on trees

 RAMAPITHECUS
➖ Fossils discovered from shivalik hills in India
➖ Rampithecus is considered as ancestors of man
➖ They had man like dentition & spent most of time on land


2. APE MAN
➖ This stage is intermediate between apes and men
➖ Australopithecus was an ape-man because it combined may characters of ape and man
➖ It is 2-5 million years old

 AUSTRALOPITHECUS
➖ It was discovered by Prof. Raywond Dart
➖ Australopithecus probably lived in East African grasslands
➖ They hunted with stone weapons but essentially ate fruit
➖ They were 4 feet tall and weighed 60-80 pounds
➖ It is considered as missing link between apes and man

3. PRIMITIVE MAN
➖ Man originated about 5 mya
➖ They are connecting link between australopthecus and modern man
➖ Mostly lived in caves and used fire
➖ They developed speech and buried dead bodies
➖ Some important primitive men


i) HOMO HABILIS
First human like being
First known tool maker
They did not eat meat
Brain capacities were between 650-800cc
Fossils were discovered by Dr. Leakey from rocks in Africa

ii) HOMO ERECTUS
Homo erectus was the first true man
They had large brain with cranial cavity around 900CC
Many subspecies are discovered of Homo erectus as given below

a) JAVA MAN (HOMO ERECTUS ERECTUS)
Fossils was discovered in Java in 1891
They used fire for hunting, Protection and cooking
They used tools of bones and stones
Cranial capacity was 800-1000CC

b) PEAKING MAN (HOMO ERECTUS PEKINENSIS)
W.C. Pei discovered the fossils from china
Cranial capacity was 850-1300CC


4. MODERN MAN
➖ Modern man include all the existing men and also some extinct men
➖ They appeared 3 mya
➖ Modern man originated in Asia around Caspian sea
➖ Many subspecies are discovered of homo sapians

i) NEANDERTHAL MAN (HOMO SAPIENS NEANDERTHALENSIS)
➖ They lived east and central Asia
➖ Fossil was discovered by Fulhrott in Neanderthal valley of Germany
➖ They has brain size of 1400CC
➖ Developed speech

ii) CRO-MAGNON (HOMO SAPIENS FOSSILIS)
➖ Cro-Magnon man was first extinct modern man
➖ Fossils discovered by Mac Gregor from Cro-Magnon rocks of France
➖ He become extinct 20000 Years ago
➖ They had cranial capacity of 1650CC
➖ They wore clothes of animal skin
➖ Domestication was stared by this man
➖ They also painted beautiful painting on cave walls

iii) MODERN MAN (HOMO SAPIENS SAPIENS)
➖ Arose 75000-10000 years ago
➖ This is the man of today having brain capacity of 1300-1600CC
➖ This man has well developed chin, speech, smaller head and reduced body hair
➖ Agriculture was started around 10000 Years back and human settlements stared
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