VEDANTA YOGA SRAMANA School of Patanjali Vedic Philosophy 1,500 BCE 1500 BCE 1500 BCE Tradition carried on by Gurus (Rishis) FOUNDER PATANJALI Practice honed since 1500 BCE Many peripatetic monks 35 Relationship between man's soul (atman) and the supreme cause of the universe (Brahman). Meditation, self-discipline and spiritual connectivity are prominent. Relationship between man's soul (atman) and the supreme cause of the universe (Brahman). Meditation, self-discipline and spiritual connectivity are prominent. Striving towards austerity. A wide variety of experimental methods. Origin of cycle of birth and death as well as liberation.
1,000 YEARS PASS CULTURAL REVOLUTION
6th century BCE thinkers Mahavira Socrates Zoroaster Confucius Buddha JAINISM CARVAKA PRE-SECTARIAN BUDDHISM 550 BCE 550 BCE 550 BCE FOUNDER series of 24 liberated humans who found dharma. The last was Mahavira Mahavira Ajita Kesakambali Siddhartha Gautama Subjectivist. Non-violent. Belief in the living soul and equal importance of everything. Advocates of independence and self-control. Skepticism, materialism, religious indifference. Rejected inference as a means to Emphasis on spiritual awakening and emptiness. Attachment to sensory world and material cause suffering. Many philosophical questions can't be answered. establish metaphysical truths.
AJIVIKA FOUNDERS Many peripatetic monks ARHAT THE FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS Central teachings of association, assembly, Buddhism explaining the nature of suffering. SANGHA 500 BCE "Perfected person" who has attained nirvana. Community, or company. Non-theistic. Deterministic. Ascetics.
SAMKHYA School of 25 Principles 450 BCE CHANAKYA STHAVIRA NIKĀYA Wrote: Arthasastra (Economics) 300 BCE 300 BCE FOUNDERS 2nd Buddhist Unknown disagreement with Mahāsāmghika Mahavira Substance dualism. Mind/body are matter, as opposed to consciousness. Tri-fold epistemology. Some strands atheistic. Political pragmatism. Discussion of the duties of a king, how to deal with a crisis, how to manage an economy. Council members MAHĀSĀMGHIKA = Buddhist
VIBHAJYAVĀDA 300 BCE 300 BCE
MIMAMSA FOUNDERS 2nd Buddhist Unknown disagreement with Sthavira nikāya. FOUNDERS Tendency present from pre-sectarian Buddhism. Analysis of phenomena and doctrines. Vedic Exegesis 250 BCE Council members THERAVĀDA PRAJŇAPTIVĀDA Jaimini 300 BCE 300 BCE Philosophy of language, philology, exegesis of the Vedas. Not deeply concerned with God, but rather the dharma. FOUNDER Unknown 4-way split of Vibhajyavāda. FOUNDER Unknown Phenomena are the product of conceptualization. Concepts are conditioned reality, not ultimate reality.
BAHUŚRUTĪYA LOKOTTARAVĀDA 200 BCE
KĀŠYAPĪYA 200 BCE S Transcendence. Only two real things in the world: emptiness of self and emptiness of phenomena. FOUNDER Unknown 190 BCE FOUNDER Missionaries sent to the king of the Himilaya Kingdom Yājñavalkya Considered the Buddha's teachings of impermanence, suffering, emptiness, anātman, and Nirvana to be transcendent. While other teachings considered mundane. S Agreed with some tenets of both major Buddhist schools. Believed that past MAHIŠĀSAKA events exist in the present in some form. Belief that arhats are fallible.
150 BCE CAITIKA
The four noble truths should be meditated on simultaneously, that everything exists but in the present, and that gifts to the Sanghat are better than gifts to Buddha. 150 BCE Purāna FOUNDER Unknown Believed the bodhisattva was supreme to the arhat, and that arhats were fallible. Known for early veneration of anthropomorphic art of Buddha.
DHARMAGUPTAKA 150 BCE
Teachings of the Buddha are supreme to those of arhats, rejected some texts believing the original teachings of the Buddha were lost, belief that the four noble truths should be meditated on simultaneously.
VAISHESHIKA
Yonaka Dhammarakkhita The atomist school The school of logic 100 BCE 150 BCE (a Greek monk) SARVASTIVĀDA O BCE All dharmas exist in the Sage Kanāda Aksapada Gautama 3 past, present, and future. "Three times." All objects in the physical universe are reducible to a finite number of atoms. Logical system to prove the Vedas. Four sources of knowledge: perception, inference, comparison, and testimony. Madhyantika = Advaita
BHEDABHEDA АВНEDA VISHISHTADVAITA
3 = Orthodox (Vedic) 600 CE 700 CE 1,000 CE Monistic Idealism. The individual self is both different and non-different from the Brahman. Bhäskara Adi Shankara Ramanuja Monistic Idealism. The individual self is not different from the brahman. Qualified non-dualism. The Brahman alone exists, but it characterized by multiplicity.
DVAITADVAITA 1,200 CE
DVAITA 1,200 CE SHUDDADVAITA ACHINTYA-BHEDA-ABHEDA 1,500 CE 1,500 CE Nimbarka There are three catagories of existence, they are all seperate, but depend upon the Brahman. Shri Madhvacharya Dualism. There is a strict distinction between two equally real worlds: one, the Brahman, and two individual people. Vallabhacharya Chaitanya Mahaprabhu Monism. The soul is The living soul is inextricably linked with Brahman, yet the nature of the link is inconceivable to NEW CHRISTIAN Brahman, but with one part rendered imperceptible.
INFLUENCES NEO-VEDANTA 1,800 CE
human minds. Non-dualism. Brahman is devoid of categories or classifications. Focus on rational faith, social reform, national identity. Introduced Unitarian Church/Transcendentalist influences. Ram Mohan Roy EAST ASIAN PHILOSOPHIES = Confucianism SHINTO = Naturalism
CONFUCIANISM SCHOOL OF NATURALISTS = Political philosophy 660 BCE 500 BCE 500 BCE Collection of an entire region's beliefs. Confucius Zou Yan Rituals, beliefs, and mythologies centered around sacred essences Form of pantheism, tradition- based ethics centering around 5 virtues, philosophy of language, ritual norms and how to live a good life. Attempt to explain the natural world in terms of basic forces: yin, yang, 5 elements, and 5 phases. Naturalism, medical, science, popular belief throughout the natural world. Action-centered religion.
Authored by Dr Anadi Sahoo
